Birus Human Papillomas (HPV) is an extremely common in the sexually transmitted infection worldwide.
The peculiarity of this infection is that it has not been manifested in any way for many years, but ultimately leads to the development of benign (papillomas) or malignant (cervical cancer) genital diseases.
Types of human papilloma virus
More than 100 types of HPV are known. Types are the special "subspecies" of the virus that differ among themselves. Types are displayed by numbers that were assigned to them when opening.
The group of high oncogenic risk is 14 types: 16, 18, 31, 33, 35, 39, 45, 51, 52, 58, 59, 66, 68 (these species are related to the development of cervical cancer).
In addition, the types of low oncogenic risk (mainly 6 and 11) are known. They lead to the formation of anogenital warts (pointed condil, papillomas). Papillomas are on the mucous membrane of Vulva, vagina, in the perianal region, on the skin of the genitals. They almost never become malignant, but they lead to significant cosmetic defects in the genital area. Warts on other parts of the body (arms, legs, face) can also be caused by these types of viruses and can have a different origin. In subsequent articles, we will discuss the types of HPV "high risk" and "low risk" separately.
Human papillominfection of human papilloma
The virus is mainly transmitted in sexual intercourse. Sooner or later, HPV is infected almost all women: Up to 90% of sexually active women will encounter this infection throughout life.
But there is good news: Most infected (approx. 90%) will get rid of HPV without medical interventions for two years.
This is a normal course of the infection process caused by HPV in the human body. This time is sufficient for the human immune system to get rid of the virus completely. In such a situation, HPV does not harm the body.That means if an HPV was discovered some time ago, but now it is not, it is absolutely normal!
It must be taken into account that the immune system works for different people at "different speeds". In this regard, the speed of getting rid of HPV can vary in sexual partners. Therefore, a situation is possible if one of the partners has found an HPV and the other does not.
Most people are infected with HPV shortly after the start of sexual activity, and many of them will never know that HPVs have been infected. The persistent immunity after the infection is not formed, so the RE function is both the same virus with which there was already a meeting and other types of viruses.
HPV "high risk" is dangerous in that it can lead to the development of cervical cancer and some other types of cancer. HPVs with high risk do not cause any other problems. HPV does not lead to the development of inflammation on the vaginal mucosa/cervix, menstrual cycle disorders or infertility.
HPV does not affect the ability to design and carry a pregnancy. The child's HPV is not transferred during pregnancy and during birth. Diagnosis of human papilloma virus
It is practically pointless to create an analysis for HPV HPV with a high oncogenic risk of up to 25 years (with the exception of women who begin (up to 18 years) a gender life early), since at this point it very likely records a virus that will soon leave the body itself.
After 25-30 years it makes sense to meet an analysis:
- Together with an analysis of cytology (papal test). If the Pap test and the HPV risk change, this situation requires special attention.
- The long -term persistence of HPV "high risk" in the absence of cytological changes also requires attention. It has recently been shown that the sensitivity of HPV tests in the prevention of cervical cancer is higher than the sensitivity of a cytological study, and therefore the definition of only HPV (without cytological research) is approved as an independent study on the prevention of cervical cancer in the USA. However, an annual cytological study is recommended in Russia, so a combination of these two studies is adequately seen.
- After the treatment of dysplasia/preparation/cancer of the cervix (the lack of HPV in the analysis after treatment almost always shows successful treatment). For research, it is necessary to get a smear from the cervix channel (it is possible to study and materialize from the vagina. However, it is recommended that the material is recommended by the cervix).
Analysis must be carried out:
- Once a year (if HPV "high risk" was previously discovered and the analysis is exceeded together with a cytological study);
- 1 time in 5 years when the previous analysis was negative.
It is almost never necessary to determine an analysis of the low oncogenic HPV risk. If there are no papillomas, this analysis does not make sense (the transport of the virus is possible, there is no treatment of the virus, so that it is not known what to do with the result of the analysis).
If there are papillomas, then:
- Most of the time they are caused by HPV;
- It is necessary to remove it, regardless of whether we find 6/11 types or not.
- If you take a smear, then directly with the papillomas themselves and not from the vagina/cervix.
There are tests to identify HPV different types. If you regularly carry out tests for HPV, make sure which specific types are included in the analysis. Some laboratories only make up on the 16th and 18th type, others together - for all types. It is also possible to carry out an analysis that identifies all 14 types of "high risk" virus in quantitative format. Quantitative characteristics are important for the prediction of the likelihood of developing preparation and cervical cancer. These tests should be used in the context of the prevention of cervical cancer and not as an independent test. The analysis for HPV without the results of cytology (rar test) most often does not allow us to draw conclusions about the patient's state of health.
There is no such analysis that determines whether the virus "leaves" in a certain patient or not.
Treatment of human papilloma virus
There is no drug treatment for HPV. There are methods for treating HPV (papilloma, dysplasia, forecast, cervical cancer). This treatment should be carried out using surgical methods (cryocoagulation, laser, radio knife).
There are no "immunosimulants" with the treatment of HPV and should not be used. None of the well -known medication has carried out appropriate tests that would show their effectiveness and security. There are no protocols/standards/recommendations in these drugs. The presence or lack of "erosion" of the cervix does not affect the tactics of the treatment of HPV.
If the patient has no symptoms and during Kolposcopy and after Pap, the treatment processes do not in the Kolposcopy Papill/does not change at the cervix.
It is only necessary to recapture the analysis once a year and to monitor the condition of the cervix (every year Pap - test, Kolposcopy). In most patients, the virus will "leave" the body alone. If it doesn't work, it is completely optional that it leads to the development of cervical cancer, but control is required. The treatment of sexual partners is not necessary (with the exception of cases in which both partners have genital papillomas).
Prevention of human papilloma virus
Vaccines were developed that protect against 16 and 18 types of HPV (one of the vaccines also protects against 6 and 11 species). Types of HPV 16 and 18 "responsible" for 70% of the cases of cervical cancer, and therefore protection against them is so important. The planned vaccination is used in 45 countries. Condom (does not offer 100% protection).